non-state policing

Bruce Baker

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Focus Area(s)
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1
Interviewers
Gordon Peake
Name
Bruce Baker
Interviewee's Position
Professor of African Security
Interviewee's Organization
Coventry University
Language
English
Nationality of Interviewee
British
Town/City
Coventry
Country
Date of Interview
Reform Profile
No
Abstract

Bruce Baker draws on his policing experience in a number of African countries.  He talks about community policing and the vital though sometimes controversial role of non-state security actors in areas where the police struggle to extend their authority.  He also discusses the intersection of non-state security groups and customary justice, and he offers reflections on donor and host-country partnerships.

Case Study:  Building Civilian Police Capacity: Post-Conflict Liberia, 2003-2011

Profile

At the time of this interview, Bruce Baker was a professor of African security and director of the African Studies Centre at Coventry University, U.K.  He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Sussex and master's and doctoral degrees from Coventry University in the U.K.  He has lectured at Coventry University and been a Research Fellow at Rhodes University in South Africa.  He ran research projects on security issues in a number of African countries and conducted research for government and private organizations in the U.K.  He wrote numerous articles and books, including "Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement and its Consequences" (James Curry, 2000), “Taking the Law into Their Own Hands: Lawless Law Enforcers in Africa” (Ashgate, 2002), and “Security in Post-Conflict Africa: The Role of Nonstate Policing” (Taylor and Francis, 2009). 

Full Audio File Size
34 MB
Full Audio Title
Bruce Baker - Full Interview

Eric Scheye

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19
Country of Reform
Interviewers
Gordon Peake
Name
Eric Scheye
Interviewee's Position
Independent Consultant
Interviewee's Organization
Justice and Security Sector Development and Conflict Management
Language
English
Town/City
New York, NY
Country
Date of Interview
Reform Profile
No
Abstract

Eric Scheye discusses his experiences working on police reform programs around the world with the United Nations and as an independent consultant. He begins by discussing the tensions inherent in donor-funded reform programs. As there is often a rush to implement police reform programs, he notes, they are not necessarily tailored to local contexts and circumstances. Scheye goes on to talk about challenges in effective police recruitment and vetting processes, including in Bosnia and Timor-Leste where political maneuvering and ethnic divisions were considerations in developing new police leadership structures. He argues that in order to build long-term accountability, internal reform efforts should take precedence over external accountability mechanisms. Further, in order to retain officers, police training, states Scheye, should be embedded in a management-training program with appropriate incentives. He notes that evaluating a reform program can be challenging and requires political astuteness and listening as much as numbers. Finally, Scheye discusses the provision of policing services in Yemen and Sudan by non-state actors such as customary chiefs. Given that customary chiefs have high levels of legitimacy and wield justice in areas where state police services tend to be limited, Scheye suggests that donors consider new approaches to constructively engaging with non-state actors. 

Profile

At the time of this interview, Eric Scheye was an independent consultant in justice and security sector development and conflict management.   Prior to becoming a consultant, he worked with the United Nations Mission in Bosnia, where he specialized in policing and police development, as well as with the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping and the United Nations Development Programme in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Timor-Leste, Honduras, Kosovo and Serbia. Scheye also worked for two and a half years on a U.K.-sponsored integrated justice program in Yemen, where he helped develop a justice and policing program. He has conducted assessments of non-state/local justice and security networks in southern Sudan for the U.S. and U.K., and has had consultancy assignments around the world on behalf of research institutes, non-governmental organizations, the U.N. and government agencies. 

Full Audio File Size
122 MB
Full Audio Title
Eric Scheye - Full Interview

Garry Horlacher

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I
Focus Area(s)
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8
Critical Tasks
Country of Reform
Interviewers
Arthur Boutellis
Name
Garry Horlacher
Interviewee's Position
Security Sector Reform Coordinator
Interviewee's Organization
U.K. Department for International Development
Language
English
Nationality of Interviewee
British
Place (Building/Street)
State House
Town/City
Freetown
Country
Date of Interview
Reform Profile
No
Abstract
Garry Horlacher discusses police reform in Sierra Leone under the auspices of the U.K. Department for International Development and the United Nations. He identifies corrupt and inconsistent recruitment processes and low salaries for undermining the integrity of the Sierra Leone Police, and he emphasizes the need for improved funding and logistics. He discusses steps taken to address these issues, including managing the size of the police force and consistent, centralized recruitment practices. Horlacher also speaks about training and organization of the police force, and emphasizes the importance of coordination mechanisms between departments and agencies. He also discusses nascent performance and information management policies and community policing initiatives. Finally, Horlacher reflects on donor relations and U.N. policies, placing special emphasis on increased and consistent training of both U.N. and local police officers, and the coordination of priorities among donor organizations.
 
Profile

At the time of the interview, Garry Horlacher was security sector reform coordinator for the U.K. Department for International Development. Prior to that, he was part of the U.K. police for 30 years, retiring with the rank of chief superintendent.

Full Audio File Size
63MB
Full Audio Title
Garry Horlacher Interview

Graham Muir

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B
Focus Area(s)
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6
Critical Tasks
Country of Reform
Interviewers
Arthur Boutellis
Name
Graham Muir
Interviewee's Position
Police Commissioner
Interviewee's Organization
United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti
Language
English
Nationality of Interviewee
Canadian
Town/City
Ottawa
Country
Date of Interview
Reform Profile
No
Abstract

Graham Muir describes the work of the United Nations Police as part of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti from 2005 to 2006.  He goes into detail on multiple aspects of the U.N. mission, including the meaning of the U.N. mandate to the police force as opposed to the military. He also discusses the integration of the existing national police force with the U.N. international police force.  Muir also describes the U.N. police role in training and reform and how that role interacted with security.

Profile

Graham Muir was the commissioner of the United Nations Police as part of the U.N. Stabilization Mission in Haiti from 2005 to 2006.  At the time of the interview, he had served 32 years in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.  Prior to his service in Haiti, Muir served as the director of general learning and development for the RCMP.  He first became involved in international police work in 1993 as a part of the U.N. Protection Force in the former Yugoslavia.  Between 1993 and 2005 Muir was heavily involved with the training of RCMP members for U.N. police service.  He also had been involved with the Pearson Peace Keeping Center for a number of years at the time of the interview.

 
Full Audio File Size
81 MB
Full Audio Title
Graham Muir - Full Interview

Robin Campbell

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3
Country of Reform
Interviewers
Daniel Scher
Name
Robin Campbell
Interviewee's Position
Former Chief Superintendent
Interviewee's Organization
Police Service of Northern Ireland
Language
English
Nationality of Interviewee
Northern Ireland
Town/City
Belfast
Country
Date of Interview
Reform Profile
No
Abstract

Robin Campbell relates his experience in working for police reform in Sierra Leone, Nigeria and other countries.  He covers topics including recruitment and vetting, as well as the challenges of integrating and amalgamating different security forces with varying histories and organizational cultures into a new civilian police force.  He also covers the role of nonstate security actors in developing countries and reflects on the difficulty of forging and managing a productive relationship between these groups and the official police force.  He illuminates his experience in the developing world with reflections on the transformation of the Royal Ulster Constabulary into today's Police Service of Northern Ireland.

Case Study:  Cooling Ethnic Conflict Over a Heated Election: Guyana, 2001-2006

Profile

At the time of this interview, Robin Campbell was a consultant for both public and private-sector organizations undergoing structural change, with a particular emphasis on police services in developing countries. He previously was the deputy change manager and director of corporate development responsible for the implementation of the Patten Commission recommendations for the police in Northern Ireland.  The Patten recommendations guided the 10-year process of police reform that saw the Royal Ulster Constabulary transformed into the Police Service of Northern Ireland.  Campbell served as the chief superintendent of the police service before launching his own consultancy.  He worked in many countries in the developing world.

Full Audio File Size
43 MB
Full Audio Title
Robin Campbell - Full Interview