Amos Sawyer discusses the Liberian experience with decentralization, land reform and public sector reform. He speaks about further complications, including the aftermath of war and the role of property in exacerbating it; the inefficacy of, and lack of trust in, the judicial department; the unavailability of representative opinion polls; and the relationship between property holdings and women’s empowerment. Sawyer begins by explaining the goals of land reform in the country, and the tortuous process of building support for land reform among the populace, nongovernmental organizations, international donors and the cabinet, and building credibility for the government. Sawyer reflects on public-sector reform and the challenges of coordinating reform throughout the government, especially in relation to patronage and ghost workers. He speaks about corruption reform in the police, judiciary and bureaucracy through the Anti-Corruption Commission, and its effect on institutional memory. Sawyer also reflects in detail about the role of international donor agencies, and the need for contextually sound goals, implemented with patience through cooperation instead of myopic adherence to narrow goals. Lastly, he discusses the role of spoilers in the Liberian reform process, and emphasizes the necessity for visionary leadership.
At the time of the interview, Amos Sawyer was chairman of the Governance Commission in Liberia, which was set up under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2003. He was the president of the Interim Government of National Unity in Liberia between 1990 and 1994. Sawyer earned a doctoral degree in political science from Northwestern University, and after his presidency was a research scholar at Indiana University in Bloomington. He also wrote two books: Beyond Plunder: Toward Democratic Government in Liberia, and The Emergence of Autocracy in Liberia: Tragedy and Challenge.
Chief Justice Lyonpo Sonam Tobgye of Bhutan details the process through which Bhutan drafted its first constitution. He discusses the successes and challenges of that process, as well as the difficulty of balancing the use of other countries as models with the unique requirements of Bhutan. Tobgye also touches on the involvement of Bhutan's king in the constitution-drafting process and the many judicial reforms during his tenure as chief justice, including efforts to make judicial proceedings more efficient and to increase access to justice across the population.
At the time of this interview, Lyonpo Sonam Tobgye was chief justice of the High Court of Bhutan, a position he had held since 1991. He was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court in December 2009. Tobgye oversaw the drafting of Bhutan’s first constitution and a number of judicial reforms. From 1986 to 1991, he simultaneously held the positions of auditor general of the Royal Audit Authority and secretary of the Royal Civil Service Commission. During that time he implemented a number of civil service reforms and drafted the rules and regulations for both the civil service and the Royal Audit Authority. Prior to those appointments, Tobgye served as a judge on the High Court. In 2001 he received the Medaille d’Honeur from the Court de Cassation of France for his contribution to the cause of justice in Bhutan.